Sapphire, ruby synthetic monocrystalline
Exception of diamonds, industrial sapphire is a material harder than any other natural material, with hardness 9 on the Mohs scale. Ruby is a kind of corundum in red color, main component is aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The red color from chromium (Cr), mainly Cr2O3 about 0.1~3%, and the highest at 4%. The chemical and mechanical properties of synthetic ruby is same as sapphire, ruby main used for bearing, compass, meters etc.